In constitutional Tajikistan, youth state policy, their role and direct participation in the life of society is considered one of the main issues of statehood and the most important source of forming the country's human resources, creating favourable conditions for the development of a self-aware, self-conscious, self-educated and patriotically-minded generation. Youth is seen as the continuation of the older generation, a creative force, a real potential for the development of society and the state, creating a future and a leading part of independent Tajikistan. The youth of Tajikistan bears the name of their wise, peace-loving, creative and noble ancestors, the state and Government of the country are constantly taking beneficial measures to support this creative and improving part of society. In independent Tajikistan, the necessary importance is given to the development of the education system and the formation of a healthy generation, creating the conditions for a decent life for every citizen. Under the leadership of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the esteemed Emomali Rahmon, since the first days of full Independence, the youth state policy has been defined as a priority area, a number of laws and decisions, programs and strategies, concepts have been adopted and gradually implemented, the legislation on youth and state youth policy has been adopted in order to include youth in comprehensive education, open a wide path for effective activities of young specialists, provide a decent environment for the youth, as well as to create the necessary conditions for the development of the society.

Today the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Youth and State Youth Policy”, national Program of social development of youth in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2022-2026 years, state Program of education of patriotism, sense of civil responsibility and strengthening of national identity of Tajik youth for 2023-2027 years, Strategy of state youth policy in the Republic of Tajikistan till 2030, national Concept of education in the Republic of Tajikistan and others are in force in the country. The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On youth and state youth policy” was first adopted only six months after gaining independence, March 13^th, 1992, which created the organizational and legal basis for the state youth policy. A new version of this law was adopted on 23^rd December 2021, establishing the organizational, legal, social and economic foundations for the upbringing, formation and maturation of youth, and the principles and measures for implementing state policy on the effective use of their intellectual and spiritual energy, aimed at the benefit of society. This Law establishes and clarifies the concepts of “youth”, “youth public association”, “youth family”, “youth social institution (service)”, “youth infrastructure units”, and “state policy on youth”, which “youth” is a socio-demographic group, people from 14 to 30 years old. The term “institution or youth social service” is understood to mean a legal entity, regardless of its organizational and legal form and form of ownership, which provides support for young people and provides them with social and legal, domestic, medical, psychological and educational services, material and material assistance, their socio-psychological adaptation and empowerment. Youth social institutions also include individual entrepreneurs who are engaged in serving young people. “State youth policy” - a unified system of socio-economic, organizational, legal and educational measures implemented by public authorities, organizations and institutions regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, public associations of youth and citizens, in order to ensure the education and training, formation and maturation of youth, protection of rights and effective use of their potential for the benefit of society. The purpose of developing, adopting and strengthening legislation on youth and state youth policy is to promote the spiritual, cultural, social and physical development of youth, protect the rights and interests of youth and create conditions for the independent and responsible participation of youth in public, economic and social life political, material, financial and social support to youth and their socially significant initiatives. The main directions of implementation of state youth policy are stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On youth and state youth policy" as follows:

“Article 4. Main directions of state youth policy implementation

State youth policy in the Republic of Tajikistan is implemented in the following areas:

- observance of youth rights and their provision;

- support of youth economic activity and entrepreneurship, formation of funds for social support and entrepreneurship of youth

- state support for young families;

- state support for talented youth;

- material and financial assistance to young people and their social services;

- assistance in solving the housing problem and improving the living conditions of young people;

- upbringing of the youth, in particular education in the spirit of national self-knowledge, patriotism, respect for the state symbols, civic responsibility, ensuring their participation in the development of national culture and state language

- Ensuring free education for young people in State basic and special educational establishments

- Guaranteeing the upkeep of orphans and orphaned children and providing them with jobs;

 

-State support for the education of young people in general secondary and vocational education establishments

- Support for the employment of young specialists;

- ensuring the right of young people to work, to choose their profession and to social protection;

- support for international youth cooperation;

- supporting the activities of youth public associations;

- ensuring youth participation in the development of society and solving social, economic, political and cultural issues;

- organization of youth leisure and recreation;

- organization of youth volunteer activities, promotion of youth activities to improve social situation and their state support;

- prevention of undesirable social phenomena, drug addiction, alcoholism, extremism and terrorism among young people;

- active involvement of young people in difficult life situations into the life of society.

The basis for the implementation of state youth policy are state youth programs, which are approved by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, taking into account the main directions of state youth policy”.

In today's world, addressing the issue of youth and using their intellectual and physical capabilities is one of the conditions for achieving sustainable development of the state and society. That is why today the contribution and role of youth in the development of various spheres of life of the country is highly appreciated by the leadership of the state and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, the state youth policy is supported, and the achievements of young people in all areas of life are significant. As the esteemed Emomali Rahmon, President of the Republic of Tajikistan said: “Our youth is recognized as a great creative and constructive force of the country”. In legal Tajikistan, addressing the problems and issues of life of adolescents and young people has been declared a strategic and priority direction of the state's social policy.

It should be noted that the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On youth and state youth policy" provides for the following rights of young people in the implementation of state youth policy:

“Article 14. Rights of young people in the sphere of realization of state youth policy

Young people have the following rights in the sphere of implementation of state youth policy:

- actively participate in the implementation of state youth policy;

- to receive effective and compulsory help in the order and on conditions, established by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan;

-respectful and humane attitude of state youth support bodies;

- acceptance or non-acceptance of this or that type of assistance and privilege;

- free use of information on types and forms of assistance, the order and conditions of social services;

- free enterprise;

-availability and use of material, financial, labour, information and natural resources

- equal opportunities to acquire state and non-state property, to enter into ownership of state property during its privatization.

Direct and indirect restrictions on the rights of young people on the basis of age, gender and other characteristics are implemented on the basis of the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The state puts persons under 18 years of age under protection and establishes a special procedure for exercising their rights”.

Youth is the object of national and state interests and is considered one of the main factors in ensuring the development of the state and society. The future of the new generations must be inextricably linked to the tasks of protection, development and revival of the country. To this end, the State Strategy of Youth Policy in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2020 was implemented, as well as the State Strategy on Youth in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2030, which includes 60 points and should be implemented in this period, is being implemented. is being implemented. paragraph 35 of the State Youth Strategy in the Republic of Tajikistan until 2030 states that: “The main goal of the Strategy is the effective implementation of state youth policy. Meeting the real needs of young people and shaping their participation and activity in the social, economic, cultural and political life of the country is seen as a strategic goal of state youth policy”.

The national program of social development of youth in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2022-2026 years is considered one of the main mechanisms for the implementation of state youth policy and provides a real opportunity to create conditions for participation and help solve issues related to the lives of young people. The leadership of the state and government of the country always has in mind to form a sense of national consciousness and sense of patriotism in young people, and young people are obliged to put national and statewide values of independent Tajikistan and protection of interests of the country above all other interests. The State program on education of patriotism, sense of civil responsibility and strengthening of national consciousness of Tajik youth for 2023-2027 is functioning and its effective implementation strengthens and reinforces patriotism, sense of civil responsibility and strengthening of national consciousness of youth in Tajikistan.

It should be noted that in the twentieth century the progress and wealth of countries is determined not by the number of people and natural resources, but by the intellectual abilities, the level of education and awareness of the population, access to modern technology and technologies and their effective use. With the rapid progress of science and technology, equipping young people with modern scientific and technological knowledge and creating favorable conditions for their active participation in the development of society and the state is considered one of the main conditions for the development of the country, they always support young people and provide opportunities for their realization. Therefore, in response to all these concerns, adolescents and young people must focus all their efforts on learning, choosing modern professions and crafts, prosperity and progress of the Motherland, defense of the Motherland, development of science and technology, creativity. The involvement of youth in the study of historical heritage, formation of self-knowledge and national art, revival and recognition of national and state values and interests originates from the special attention of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the respected Emomali Rahmon. The respected Head of State Emomali Rahmon during his speech at a meeting with the country's youth on 23.05.2013 noted that: “We always advocate the full participation of the country's youth in the process of development and creation of our Holy Homeland, in order to improve their living conditions, education, vocational training and effective activities. We take all necessary measures”.

The role of proud Tajik youth is important in all spheres, especially in reinforcing the highest values of state independence, protecting peace and security, and defending the borders and land of the state. State independence becomes sustainable when every member of society, especially the youth, values and defends it as a great historical achievement, considering freedom and sovereignty the basis of their happiness and the future generations of the nation. In the context of increasingly intensive processes of globalization, sincere love for the Motherland and appreciation of national and state values and efforts to protect and increase them, as well as irreconcilable with xenophobic ideas creates a national opinion. In order to form national ideology in youth, greater recognition of national interests and education of youth in the spirit of intolerance to terrorism and extremism, corruption, drug trafficking and other types of crime, in order to prevent under the influence of ideas and goals of terrorist and extremist groups State structures and civil society need more responsibility in coordination. Popular opinion strengthens the process of development of the worldview of the people of the nation and directs the youth towards self-knowledge and self-discovery. In modern times, young people play an important role in the development of the state and are the hope and support of the state and the nation. Taking this into account, it is necessary that young people are constantly engaged in education, improvement of their legal knowledge. By the way, it should be noted that one of the main factors of committing crimes due to low legal literacy is the violation of the requirements of the normative legal acts. The legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan stipulates responsibility for violating the requirements of the legislation on youth and state youth policy.

Thus, the defense of the state, the nation, and the borders of the country is entrusted above all to the brave, zealous, and courageous youth of the homeland. Youth must love the homeland as their mother, their soul, value it and cherish it as the apple of their eye. Youth is the protector of the homeland, the security of the state and society, the source of initiative and the main and reliable pillar of the state and the nation.

 

Gulzoda Mahmadshoh Qurbonali

Rector of the Avicenna Tajik State Medical University

d.m.s., professor

translated

Ruzimuhammad Ismoilov

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