Traditionally, the family is the main institution of upbringing. What a child acquires in the family during childhood, they retain throughout their subsequent life. The importance of the family as an educational institution is due to the fact that the child spends a significant part of their life there, and in terms of its influence on personality, no other educational institution can compare to the family. It lays the foundation of the child's personality.

   The family can act as both a positive and negative factor in upbringing. The positive influence on the child's personality is that no one, except for those who are closest to them in the family—mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, brother, sister—treats the child better, loves them more, or cares more about them. At the same time, no other social institution can potentially cause as much harm in child-rearing as the family can.

   The family is a special kind of collective that plays a primary, long-term, and vital role in education. An anxious mother often raises anxious children; ambitious parents often suppress their children so much that it leads to feelings of inferiority; an impulsive father who loses patience over the slightest reason often, without realizing it, forms a similar behavior pattern in his children, and so on. Due to the special educational role of the family, the question arises: how to maximize positive influences and minimize negative ones on the child's upbringing? For this, it is necessary to precisely identify the intra-family socio-psychological factors that have an educational significance.

The main goal in raising a young person is to achieve emotional unity, the moral connection between parents and the child. Parents should by no means leave the upbringing process to chance, especially as the child grows older, leaving the grown-up child alone with themselves. It is precisely in the family that the child receives their first life experiences, makes their first observations, and learns how to behave in various situations. It is very important that what we teach the child is supported by concrete examples, so that they see that theory and practice do not contradict each other among adults.

The socializing functions of the family

1. The family provides the physical and emotional development of a person. In infancy and early childhood, the family plays a defining role that cannot be compensated by other socialization institutions. During childhood, primary school age, and adolescence, its influence remains predominant but ceases to be the only factor. Subsequently, the role of this function diminishes.

2. The family influences the formation of the child's psychological gender. In the first three years of life, this influence is decisive, as it is during this time that an irreversible process of sexual typification occurs within the family, through which the child internalizes the attributes of their gender.

3. The family plays a leading role in the intellectual development of the child and also influences children's and teenagers' attitudes towards learning, significantly determining its success. At all stages of socialization, the educational level of the family and the interests of its members affect a person's intellectual development, the layers of culture they acquire, their desire for further education and self-education.

4. The family is essential in a person’s mastery of social norms, and when it comes to norms related to the fulfillment of family roles, the influence of the family becomes pivotal. Studies, in particular, show that the choice of a spouse and the nature of communication within the family are conditioned by the atmosphere and relationships in the parental family.

5. The family shapes the fundamental value orientations of a person, which manifest in social and interethnic relations, and also determine their lifestyle, spheres and levels of ambitions, life aspirations, plans, and methods for achieving them.

6. The family plays a significant role in the social development of a person because its approval, support, indifference, or condemnation affect the individual's aspirations, help or hinder them in finding solutions in difficult situations, adapting to changing circumstances in their life, and maintaining stability in a changing social environment.

The society in which our children will live depends on how parents teach their children to work, respect elders, love the surrounding nature and people. In this case, communication within the family is very important. After all, communication is one of the main factors in shaping a child's personality. It is trustful communication within the family that is a crucial condition for the child's favorable psycho-emotional well-being.

Main Roles of the Family in Society’s Development

Reproductive and Demographic: Ensures birth and continuation of the human race.

Socialization and Educational:

1. Transmits knowledge, experience, moral, and cultural values to the child.

2. Teaches social roles, rules of conduct, and societal norms.

3. Shapes personality, value orientations, and lifestyle.

Emotional-Psychological:

1. Provides a sense of security, love, support, and comfort.

2. Helps adapt to difficulties and stresses.

Cultural and Educational:

1. Passes down family and cultural traditions from generation to generation.

2. Influences the pursuit of education and self-development.

Economic: Ensures material well-being and support.

Importance for Society

1.Formation of future citizens: A healthy, harmonious family fosters responsible, resilient, and socially active individuals.

2.Societal stability: Family values (love, trust, respect, honesty) serve as the foundation for healthy social relationships.

3.Development of human capital: Family influence on education and career ambitions of youth contributes to the country’s prosperity.

   Thus, the family is not just a cell of society, but the main social institution that determines the quality of human capital and the sustainability of the state's development.

    Parents with higher education and engaged in intellectual fields advise their children to complete a full secondary school, which will give them the opportunity to continue their education at a higher educational institution. Therefore, the effective development of society in modern Tajikistan depends on the initial circumstances of youth, their attitude towards obtaining quality higher education.

Education is now perceived by high school students not as a formal requirement but as a content-rich component of their professional strategy.

The increase in the number of prosperous families with high-value orientations among parents will lead to most adolescents being motivated to continue their education in higher education.

The family, as the primary social subject of education, should be regarded as the most important, foundational basis for the formation and development of an individual's personality.

                   Saidzoda B.I.-Professor of Dermatology department