Terrorism and extremism are among the serious issues of the modern era, posing a major threat to security, stability, and the development of societies. These phenomena negatively affect not only individual states but the entire global community. In the context of globalization and the development of information technologies, the spread of extremist ideas has become easier.

     Terrorism is the use of violence or the threat of violence with the aim of creating fear in society and achieving political, religious, or ideological goals. Terrorist acts may include bombings, armed attacks, hostage-taking, and other forms of violence.

      Many terrorist organizations have operated around the world, including Al-Qaeda and Islamic State, which became known for violent operations and the promotion of extremist ideologies.

         Extremism is adherence to radical beliefs and actions that contradict legal and social norms. It may manifest in political, religious, or national forms. Extremists often call for intolerance, hatred, and the rejection of democratic values.

       The main causes of terrorism and extremism include: low levels of education and awareness; social and economic problems (unemployment, poverty); the influence of extremist propaganda via the internet; injustice and political conflicts; religious or national fanaticism.

      These phenomena can lead to political instability; loss of life and material damage; decreased public trust in the state; and deterioration of interethnic and interreligious relations.

       To combat terrorism and extremism, the following measures are important: increasing legal and religious awareness; educating young people in the spirit of patriotism and tolerance. At the international level, organizations such as the United Nations implement joint programs and strategies to counter terrorism.

        Terrorism and extremism pose a serious threat to security and sustainable development. Preventing them requires cooperation between society, the state, and international organizations. Only through improving education, strengthening the rule of law, and promoting social development can these dangerous phenomena be limited.