Under the influence of social, political, economic and other factors that are most susceptible to destructive influence, radical views and beliefs are more easily formed among young people. Young citizens join the ranks of extremist and terrorist organizations, which actively use young people in their political interests.

The youth environment, due to its social characteristics and acute perception of the environment, is the part of society where negative protest potential is most rapidly accumulated and realized.

In recent years, a number of extremist movements that involve young people in their activities have become more active. Analysis of data for the past five years shows that four out of five persons whose criminal activities have been suppressed are under 30 years of age.

At present, members of informal youth organizations (groups) with an extremist-nationalist orientation are mainly young people under the age of 30, and often include minors aged 14-18.

The perpetrators of crimes are mainly males, but girls are sometimes members of informal youth extremist groups along with young people. It has been noted that young people form the basis of the rank and file of gangs for the implementation of terrorist acts and its replenishment, because of a number of socio-psychological, physiological and demographic characteristics they are most susceptible to ideological influence, are subject to maximalism and radical sentiments.

The system of views imposed by extremists is attractive to young people because of the simplicity and unambiguity of their postulates, promises of the possibility of seeing the result of their aggressive actions immediately, even if aggressive. The need for personal participation in the complex and painstaking process of economic, political and social development is replaced by primitive calls for the complete destruction of existing foundations and their replacement with utopian projects.

Quite a few extremist crimes are committed by minors. Therefore, in order to suppress extremist crime and curb the criminal situation in this area, it seems appropriate to strengthen preventive work among young people, including minors, through educational and preventive measures. Teenagers should be taught the basics of tolerance by organizing, for example, tolerance lessons, educational programs and seminars on tolerance.

The system of views imposed by extremists is attractive to young people because of the simplicity and unambiguity of their postulates, promises of the possibility of seeing the result of their aggressive actions immediately, even if aggressive. The need for personal participation in the complex and painstaking process of economic, political and social development is replaced by primitive calls for the complete destruction of existing foundations and their replacement with utopian projects.

Quite a few extremist crimes are committed by minors. Therefore, in order to suppress extremist crime and curb the criminal situation in this area, it seems appropriate to strengthen preventive work among young people, including minors, through educational and preventive measures. Teenagers should be taught the basics of tolerance by organizing, for example, tolerance lessons, educational programs and seminars on tolerance.

Such work to counter extremist and terrorist activity should be carried out, first and foremost, by public authorities, government bodies, and local self-government bodies, which, within their competence, should, as a matter of priority, implement preventive, including educational and propaganda measures aimed at averting the threat of extremism and terrorism. Early detection and the adoption of necessary preventive measures will largely prevent the formation of a persistent tendency in adolescents to commit unlawful acts.

The main features of extremism in the youth environment should be emphasized:

First, extremism is formed mainly in marginalized environments. It is constantly fueled by the uncertainty of a young person's position and his or her unstable views on what is happening.

- Second, extremism most often manifests itself in systems and situations characterized by the absence of existing norms and attitudes oriented towards law-abidingness and consensus with state institutions.

- Third, extremism manifests itself more often in societies and groups where there is a low level of self-respect or where conditions are conducive to ignoring individual rights.

- Fourth, this phenomenon is characteristic of communities not so much with a so-called "low level of culture" as with a culture that is torn, deformed, and lacks integrity.

- Fifth, extremism corresponds to societies and groups that have adopted the ideology of violence and preach moral indiscretion, especially in the means of achieving goals.

The following particularly significant factors can be identified as the reason for the emergence of extremist manifestations in the youth environment:

this is the aggravation of social tension in the youth environment (characterized by a complex of social problems, including problems of the level and quality of education, "survival" in the labor market, social inequality, decreasing authority of law enforcement agencies, etc.);

- criminalization of a number of spheres of social life (in the youth environment it is expressed in the wide involvement of young people in criminal spheres of business, etc.);

- a change in value orientations (foreign and religious organizations and sects that promote religious fanaticism and extremism, denial of norms and constitutional obligations, as well as values alien to Russian society pose a significant danger);

- This is the manifestation of the so-called "Islamic factor" (propaganda among young Muslims of ideas of religious extremism, organization of young Muslims' travel for training to countries of the Islamic world, where recruitment work is carried out by representatives of international extremist and terrorist organizations). This is the growth of nationalism and separatism (active activity of youth nationalist groups and movements, which are used by certain socio-political forces to realize their goals);

This is the presence of illegal circulation of means of committing extremist actions (some youth extremist organizations for illegal purposes are engaged in the manufacture and storage of explosive devices, training in the use of firearms and cold weapons, etc.).

- This is the use of psychological factor for destructive purposes (aggression inherent in youth psychology is actively used by experienced leaders of extremist organizations to carry out extremist actions);

- this is the use of the Internet for illegal purposes (provides radical public organizations with access to a wide audience and propaganda of their activities, the opportunity to post detailed information about their goals and objectives, time and place of meetings, planned actions).

The existing system of legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, reflecting the legal strategy of countering terrorism and extremism, in general has a fairly complete set of legal norms that allow to effectively implement the fight against terrorism and extremism.

Against the background of preserving and strengthening the force component of the fight against specific terrorist manifestations, it is important to radically increase the effectiveness of countering the ideology of terrorism, to put reliable barriers to its penetration into public consciousness.

The ultimate goal of this work is to change the legal psychology of people, to achieve the rejection by the absolute majority of the population of the very idea of the possibility of using terrorist methods to resolve territorial, social, confessional, cultural and any other problems and contradictions.

To solve this problem, including in the youth environment, it is necessary to create a self-reproducing system of ideas, subjects-carriers and channels of their dissemination, which can autonomously from the state contribute to the formation of positive public consciousness, excluding the very possibility of using violence to achieve any goals. Such a system can and should become institutions of civil society, scientific and business communities, educational structures and mass media.

Nazarov Sh.K., d.m.s., professor, head of the department of surgical diseases №1

Avicenna Tajik State Medical University

Translated Ismoilov R.